SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measure) compares two images by evaluating luminance, contrast, and structural patterns across local windows. It returns a score from -1 to 1: 1.0 means the images are pixel-identical, 0 means no structural correlation, and negative values mean the images are anti-correlated (less alike than random noise). For glyph comparison, it answers the question: do these two rendered characters share the same visual structure?
Intuitively, it’s not too difficult to understand why this is the case. Remember that error-diffusion works in response to the relationship between the input value and the quantised value. In other words, the colour palette is already factored in during the dithering process. On the other hand, ordered dithering is completely agnostic to the colour palette being used. Images are perturbed the same way every time, regardless of the given palette.
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res[i] = stack.length ? stack.at(-1) - i : 0;